孩子與自然 - Children and nature
在德國，有一種叫做"森林幼兒園"的幼兒園。
森林幼兒園是一種針對三至六歲兒童的學前教育，幾乎完全在戶外舉行。無論天氣如何，都鼓勵兒童在森林環境中玩耍，探索和學習。成人監督的目的是幫助而不是教導。它也被稱為Waldkindergarten（德語），戶外幼兒園或自然幼兒園。
對於許多父母來說，這聽起來太極端了。但是大自然可以為孩子的認知，身體和情感發展提供很多好處。理查德·羅夫（Richard Louv）做了大量關於兒童與自然的研究，並在他的著作《樹林中的最後一個孩子》中討論了當今兒童與環境之間逐漸消失的關係。他總結說，兒童與環境之間缺乏互動會對年幼的兒童產生不利的健康影響，例如"兒童肥胖，哮喘，注意力缺陷障礙/多動症（ADHD）和維生素D缺乏症"。
"兒童應該與大自然接觸；理解和欣賞自然中的秩序，和諧與美麗"。"讓孩子們自由；鼓勵他們；下雨時讓他們跑到外面去；當他們發現水坑時，讓他們脫鞋；並且，當草地的草被露水弄濕時，讓它們在其上奔跑並赤腳踐踏它；當樹木邀請他們在樹蔭下睡覺時，讓他們安靜地休息；當太陽在早晨喚醒他們如同太陽喚醒其他生物時，讓他們大喊大笑。"- 瑪麗亞·蒙特梭利（Maria Montessori）博士。
在混凝土叢林中尋找森林可能很困難，但是父母可以多利用步道，海灘或公園。從很小的時候起，孩子就對周圍的世界感到好奇，自然是他們學習和與世界互動的最佳場所。
大自然有助於增加進行體能活動（步行，跑步，爬山）的可能性，並刺激發展大肢體發展所必需的運動。它有助於減少壓力，培養孩子的創造力，解決問題的能力和社交能力，並增強他們的自我調節能力。
如果您擔心戶外活動過多的孩子可能無法好好學習，研究表明大自然有助於恢復孩子的注意力，使他們能夠集中精力並在學科測試中表現更好。
In Germany, there is a type of kindergarten called " Forest Kindergarten."
Forest kindergarten is a type of preschool education for children between the ages of three and six that is held almost exclusively outdoors. Whatever the weather, children are encouraged to play, explore, and learn in a forest environment. Adult supervision is meant to assist rather than lead. It is also known as Waldkindergarten (in German), outdoor nursery, or nature kindergarten.
It may sound too extreme for a lot of parents. But nature offers many benefits to support a child's cognitive, physical, and emotional development. The lack of interaction between children and their environment results in negative health effects on young children such as "childhood obesity, asthma, attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and vitamin D deficiency, according to Richard Louv, who summarized much of the research on children and nature and discussed the fading relationship that exists between children today and the environment in his book "Last Child in the Woods."
"There must be provision for the child to have contact with nature; to understand and appreciate the order, the harmony and the beauty in nature." "Let the children be free; encourage them; let them run outside when it is raining; let them remove their shoes when they find a puddle of water; and, when the grass of the meadows is damp with dew, let them run on it and trample it with their bare feet; let them rest peacefully when a tree invites them to sleep beneath its shade; let them shout and laugh when the sun wakes them in the morning as it wakes every living creature that divides its day between waking and sleeping." - Maria Montessori.
It may be difficult to find a forest in the concrete jungle, but parents can take advantage of trails, beaches, or parks. From a very early age, children are curious about their world; nature is the best place for them to learn and interact with the world.
Nature helps increase the likelihood of physical activity (walking, running, climbing) and stimulating motions necessary for developing gross motor skills. It helps to decrease stress levels, fosters children's creativity, problem-solving skills, and social skills, and increases their self-regulation ability.
If you worry that the child with too much outdoor exposure may not be able to study, the study shows that nature helps restore kids' attention, allowing them to concentrate and perform better on cognitive tests.
Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_kindergarten