為嬰兒(5-12個月)準備的必需品和環境設置: 站立的階段 Essential things & environment for a newborn (5-12 months): standing stage
站立的階段
5-12個月大的孩子經歷了人生最大的發展里程碑,在這短短的幾個月內,孩子不僅學會了翻身,坐,爬行,四點(手和膝蓋)爬行,站,甚至走的大肢體發展;也開始全手抓放,二指或者三指抓捏等精細動作。在這段時間,孩子還開始了所謂的"自然離乳",慢慢嘗試各種形式的食物。 同時孩子開始和身邊的人進行各種互動,如微笑,揮手,有些孩子甚至開始可以說上幾個字。
因為每個孩子的發展里程碑的時程表各有不同,因此在這里介紹的各種所需物品和環境的設計是針對發展階段而非孩子的月份。
物品的準備
- 木製的壓線球, 帶抽屜的滾球座和木製的壓球座
- 木製的圓形套環 (環,在這階段可以稍微變小一點,容易套進,並且以可以是一到兩個環)
- 追蹤球迷宮
木製的壓線球(壓線球是一個用毛線做的球,稍微比洞要大一點,孩子需要用壓的動作把球壓進去)是壓和放這個系列動作的最基礎,進階為帶抽屜的滾球座,而當孩子準備好的時候,孩子可以自我練習木製的壓球座。 而這一系列的壓,放球不僅可以訓練孩子的手眼協調,同時可以訓練孩子有目的性的全手,四指抓放的能力,還可以讓孩子明白"物體恆存"的概念。
木製的圓形套環,和爬行階段的套環相似,只是難度可以稍微增加,如增加為大小不一的兩個環;或者環本身變小。這可以訓練孩子的手眼協調,同時可以訓練孩子有目的性的全手,四指甚至二指抓放的能力。
追蹤球迷宮,是一個木製的框架中的一系列坡道球, 在它的左上角有一個孔,用於放置球和每個坡道的末端都有一個孔,用於球落入下一個坡道。 它不僅可以讓孩子訓練大肢體,還可以練習孩子的手眼協調,有目的性的全手,甚至四指抓放的能力,同時訓練孩子的視覺和聽覺跟踪, 從球的聲音追踪器。
環境的準備
- 很重的椅子(或者是椅子底部加金屬片),孩子在這個階段喜歡扶著物品站立,甚至嘗試推著物品走動,很重的椅子可以給孩子安全的支持來讓孩子站立,甚至可能是推著嘗試往前走。
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Standing stage
A child aged 5-12 months has experienced the most significant developmental milestones in his life. In these short months, the child has not only learned to stand up, sit, crawl, stand, and even walk such gross motor development. He also begins to grasp and release with the whole hand, two or three fingers grasping, and other fine motor developments. During this time, the child also started the so-called "Self-weaning" and slowly tried various food in various forms. At the same time, he begins to interact with people around them, such as smiling and waving. Some child even starts to speak a few words.
Because each child's developmental milestones happen at different paces, the various required items, and prepared environments introduced here are designed for the development stage rather than the child's specific age month.
Item preparation
• Wooden box with the knitted ball, wooden set with a rolling ball and drawer, and a wooden box with balls which can be pushed down
• Wooden ring on stable base (the ring should be broad at this stage, easy to grasp and put in, start with one ring first)
• Ball tracker
The wooden box with a knitted ball (the knitted ball is a ball made of wool, which is slightly larger than the hole, and the child needs to press the ball into the hold) is the most basic series of pressing and releasing movement activities. The wooden set with a rolling ball drawer is one level more difficult for the child, and when the child is ready, the child can practice the wooden set with a rolling ball drawer by himself. The wooden box with balls that can be pushed down is the most advanced level for the child. This series of pressing and releasing of the ball can train the child's hands-eyes coordination and purposeful whole-hand and four-fingers grasping and release capabilities, and such ball releasing or pressing into the hold activities allow the child to understand the concept of "objects permanence. "
The wooden ring on the stable base is similar to the ring in the crawling stage, but the difficulty can be slightly increased, adding to two different size rings; or the ring itself becomes smaller than the ring from the previous crawling stage. Such a ring can train the child's hands-eyes coordination, and at the same time, can train the child's purposeful grasp and release by using the whole hand, four fingers, or even two fingers.
The ball tracker is a series of ramp balls in a wooden frame. There is a hole in the upper left corner of it for placing balls, and there is a hole at each ramp's end for the ball to fall into the next ramp. It allows the child to train the gross motor, hand-eye coordination, purposeful whole-hand, and even four-finger grasping and releasing g ability while training the child's visual and auditory tracking ability from the tracker.
Environmental preparation
• A heavy chair (or a metal attached to the bottom of the chair). At this stage, the child likes to stand on the object and even try to push the object. The heavy chair can give the child safe support for trying to stand or standing.
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