為嬰兒（5-12個月）準備的必需品和環境設置：離乳，吃的階段 Essential things & environment for a newborn (5-12 months) ：weaning & eating stage

5-12個月大的孩子經歷了人生最大的發展里程碑，在這短短的幾個月內，孩子不僅學會了翻身，坐，四點（手和膝蓋）爬行，站，甚至走的大肢體發展；也開始全手抓放，二指或者三指抓捏等精細動作。在這段時間，孩子還開始了所謂的"自然離乳"，慢慢嘗試各種形式的食物。 同時孩子開始和身邊的人進行各種互動，如微笑，揮手，有些孩子甚至開始可以說上幾個字。

因為每個孩子的發展里程碑的時程表各有不同，因此在這里介紹的各種所需物品和環境的設計是針對發展階段而非孩子的月份。

離乳，吃的階段

物品的準備

• 小孩尺寸的一個小碗
• 小孩尺寸的一個玻璃小杯
• 小孩尺寸的一個小盤子
• 小孩尺寸的兩個小湯匙
• 一套小孩尺寸的離乳桌椅（設立為可以自由獨立坐下或者離開的高度）

環境的準備

• 當孩子還不會坐的時候，餵食方式可以是大人坐在離乳桌旁邊，然後讓孩子坐在主要照顧者的大腿上，主要照顧者眼睛看著孩子，並和孩子介紹要吃的食物，慢慢地為孩子進行餵食。
• 當孩子可以開始獨立坐的時候，餵食方式可以是大人坐在離乳桌一邊，孩子坐在離乳桌對面，主要照顧者眼睛看著孩子，並和孩子介紹要吃的食物，並運用"兩個勺子"方式進行餵食。
• 當孩子可以可以手抓食物時候，餵食方式可以是大人坐在離乳桌一邊，孩子坐在離乳桌對面，主要照顧者眼睛看著孩子，並和孩子介紹要吃的食物，除了運用"兩勺"方式進行餵食，還可以讓孩子自己手抓食物。食物應該儘量是分開來呈現，並且儘量吃原型食物。

"兩勺方法"：基本上，作為主要照顧者，您使用一個勺子餵食，而您的孩子則用另一個勺子餵食自己。 當您的孩子無法勺食物或仍未將食物放入嘴巴時，您可能仍需要用湯匙餵他/她，但是孩子可以出於好奇用自己的湯匙來體驗食物。這過程可能非常混亂，因此請耐心等待您的孩子。 當您的孩子一旦開始使用勺子並將食物放入他/她的嘴裡時，您可以先用勺子將食物勺起，然後再把裝著食物的勺子與孩子的勺子交換，或者將食物放在孩子自己的勺子上，讓他/她嘗試自己餵食自己。 （提示：儘量把食物做得容易勺取，無論是切小塊，更濃稠或者是較少的液體）。 經過反覆練習後，您的孩子遲早可以自己開始勺東西和自己進食。

自我餵食對您的孩子來說可能是一個麻煩的練習過程，但這是孩子成長的重要組成部分，孩子通過反複犯錯然後學習獲得重要的技能。當孩子控制自我餵食時，他會根據飢餓和飽食的自然提示做出反應。"巴爾的摩約翰霍普金斯兒童中心兒科營養主任蒂法尼·海斯（Tiffani Hays）說。

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Weaning and eating stage

A child aged 5-12 months has experienced the most significant developmental milestones in his life. In these short months, the child has not only learned to stand up, sit, crawl, stand, and even walk, such gross motor development. He also begins to grasp and release two or three fingers grasping and other fine motor developments with the whole hand. During this time, the child also started the so-called "Self-weaning" and slowly tried various food in various forms. At the same time, he begins to interact with people around them, such as smiling and waving. Some child even starts to say a few words.

Because each child's developmental milestones happen at different paces, the various required items, and prepared environments introduced here are designed for the development stage rather than the child's specific age month.

Item preparation

• A child-size small bowl

• A child-size glass cup

• A child-size plate

• Two child-sized spoons

• A set of child-size weaning table and chair (set up to a height where the child can sit or leave independently)

Environmental preparation

• When the child cannot sit yet, the way of feeding can be that the primary caregiver sits at the weaning table and then let the child sit on the caregiver's lap. The caregiver looks at the child and introduces the food to the child. Feed the child slowly.

• When the child can start to sit independently, the feeding method can be that the adult sits at the weaning table's side, and the child sits opposite the weaning table. The caregiver looks at the child, introduces the food to the child, and uses the "two spoons" method for feeding.

• When the child can grab food, the feeding method can be that the adult sits at the weaning table's side, and the child sits opposite the weaning table. The caregiver looks at the child and introduces the food to the child; besides using the "two spoons method" for feeding, the caregiver can also let the child grab the food by himself. Food should be presented separately as much as possible, and try to eat authentic food.

"Two spoon method": Basically, as the primary caregiver, you use one spoon to feed, and your child feeds himself with another spoon. When the child cannot spoon food or has not put food in his mouth, the caregiver may still need to feed him/her with a spoon, but the child can experience food with his spoon out of curiosity. This process can be very messy, so please be patient and wait for the child. Once the child starts to use the spoon and puts food in his/her mouth, the caregiver can use the spoon to scoop up the food, and then exchange the spoon with the food in the spoon, or put the food in On the child's spoon, let him/her try to feed himself. (Hint: Try to make the food easy to scoop, whether it is cut into small pieces, thicker or less liquid). After repeated practice, your child can start spooning and eating by himself sooner or later.

"Self-feeding may be a troublesome practice process for your child, but it is an important part of the child's growth. The child acquires important skills through repeated mistakes and learning. When the child controls self-feeding, he will respond to hunger and the natural cues of fullness to respond." said Tiffani Hays, director of pediatric nutrition at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center in Baltimore.

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