為新生兒（0-2個月）準備的必需品和環境設計 Essential things & environment for the newborn (0-2 months) 

歡迎新生兒絕對是一生中最重要的時刻，而為新生兒所做得一切準備是一場非常激動人心的旅程。

許多爸爸媽媽會為新生嬰兒買新東西，重新裝修家裡的空間以適應新生活，甚至開始學習新技能（例如如何正確幫嬰兒打嗝）。關於新事物，新環境，新生嬰兒到底真正需要什麼？我們在這裡列出了一些我們認為對新手爸媽有幫助的事情。 （我們尊重選擇母乳餵養或使用配方奶，紙尿布或布尿布的爸爸媽媽。）

對於新生兒而言，最必須而且最重要的所需品是"爸爸媽媽"！

蒙特梭利博士在《吸收性心智》中寫道："母親具備一種內在力量，是孩子所熟悉的。在孩子剛出生時的頭幾天適應期，這股力量幫助孩子渡過這段困難的適應期。" 從子宮中的生活到外部世界的過渡對新生兒來說是非常重要卻又非常害怕的一步！他需要盡可能地靠近他的媽媽-吃東西，睡著或者醒著的時候，他需要感受爸爸媽媽的觸摸和他們的身體，他需要聽到他們的聲音，並感受到他們的愛。

• 孩子從媽媽身體內出生，經歷了人生的第一個分離。

• 出生後的6～8周是嬰兒與媽媽的"共生期"。嬰兒通過吸取母乳獲得生理上的營養，聽著熟悉的心跳，並建立起和媽媽心理上的依附關係。

• 在孩子0-3歲，和媽媽的依附關係建立是獲得安全感和信任感最重要的一部，三歲前"媽媽"及"家"的形象會被建立在孩子的潛意識中，影響他成人後照顧自己、孩子和家庭的方式； 而爸爸的主要角色是保護媽媽和孩子，保護媽媽和孩子之間的依附關係，在這個過程中全力支持媽媽。

• 爸爸的角色和形象在孩子3歲以後則發揮了巨大的作用。

不管如何，爸爸媽媽的陪伴和互動是孩子建立安全感，信任感最好的方法。因此，請多輕輕觸摸您的寶寶，與他/她輕聲交談，並在與他/她在一起時後盡可能地保持積極向上的心態，這將有助於他/她輕鬆而平靜地過渡到外界。

物品的準備

•           一個籐編織的嬰兒提籃

出生後頭兩個月內可睡的嬰兒提籃：這是為了模擬類似於子宮內的環境，嬰兒躺在提籃內可以感到安全。

•           一個Topponcino（中文：嬰兒墊，一種類似新生兒大小的棉墊子）

嬰兒墊為新生兒提供舒適性和安全性。它用於抱或攜帶新生兒，或將新生兒交給另一個人來抱或幫助新生兒打嗝。當新生兒在嬰兒墊上入睡時，他會很容易躺下而不被打擾他所需要的重要睡眠。它還允許年長的兄弟姐妹安全舒適地抱著新生兒。即使是經常使用的同一個嬰兒墊的熟悉氣味也能使新生兒感到舒適安心。

•           黑白吊飾

根據空間中自然風速（而非電動或者人為的）緩慢地移動的黑白吊飾，新生兒可以練習專注。

專注於這種視覺刺激可以訓練新生兒的視力，訓練眼部肌肉和大腦協調。爸爸媽媽可以將物體懸掛在運動/活動區域內的新生兒斜上方（距離應小於30公分）。在為新生兒設置環境時的最佳準則：自己嘗試躺下來，抬頭仰望要設置的物體，看看自己覺得是否舒適，因為您看到的就是新生兒未來會看。

•           音樂盒

一個可以為寶寶播放輕柔音樂的音樂盒（其實可以從懷孕開始播放，新生兒出生後通過熟悉的音樂出可以協助熟悉環境以安撫新生兒）。

理想情況下，音樂盒應具有一條拉線，當爸爸媽媽拉的時候，音樂盒會發出和弦，而當寶寶開始坐起時，爸爸媽媽可以將其掛在牆上，讓寶寶練習拉動。

環境的準備

新生兒四周的環境應該是安靜的，光線柔和的。嬰兒從黑暗安靜的子宮出生到外面的世界，安靜和光線柔和的環境，可以讓新生兒慢慢適應，慢慢過渡。

•  一個安靜的可以讓新生兒睡覺的固定場所；
• 一個固定的地方放著舒適的椅子和哺乳枕頭，可進行母乳喂養/哺乳；
• 一個用來換尿布的固定場所；
• 新生兒可以用作運動/活動區域的場所。

設立各種固定的位置來滿足新生兒各種需求，這樣對於幫助新生兒建立安全感是很重要

其實不管是物品或者是環境的準備，最重要的還是爸爸媽媽的陪伴和互動。在每個當下，爸爸媽媽正向的溫柔地對新生兒的需求做出回應，可以幫助新生兒建立安全感和正向的依附關係。

本內容由Ivy's house montessori 支持提供

Welcoming a newborn is the most critical moment in your life, and preparing for the newborn is a fascinating journey.

Many parents will buy new things for their newborn babies, redecorate the space at home to adapt to the new life, and even start learning new skills (such as hiccuping their babies properly). Regarding new things and new environments, what do newborn babies need? We have listed here some things that we think are helpful to novice parents. (We respect parents who choose to breastfeed or use formula milk, paper diapers or cloth diapers.)

For newborns, the most necessary and essential thing is "Mom and Dad"!

Dr. Montessori wrote in "The Absorbent Mind": " There are certain forces within the mother to which the child is accustomed and these forces are a necessary aid for the child during the first difficult days of adaptation." The transition from life in the womb to the outside world is an essential but scaring step for a newborn! He needs to be as close as possible to his mother-when eating, sleeping, or awake; he needs to feel the touch of his parents and their bodies; he needs to hear their voices and feel their love.

• The child was born from the mother's body and experienced the first separation in life. 
• 6 to 8 weeks after birth is the "symbiotic period" between the baby and the mother. Babies obtain physical nourishment by drawing breast milk, listen to the familiar heartbeat, and establish a psychological attachment relationship with their mother.
• When a child is 0-3 years old, setting a dependent relationship with the mother is the most crucial part of gaining a sense of security and trust. Before the age of three, the image of "mother" and "family" will be established subconsciously in the child's mind and it affects him/her the way to take care of themselves, their children, and family in the adulthood; and the primary role of the father is to protect mother and child, protect the dependency relationship between mother and child, and fully support the mother in this process.
• The father's role and image play a huge role after the child is three years old.

No matter what, the companionship and interaction of mom and dad is the best way for children to build a sense of security and trust. Therefore, please touch your baby more gently, talk to him/her softly, and keep a positive attitude as much as possible when you are with him/her. This will help him/her transition smoothly and calmly to the outside world.

Items preparation

• A rattan woven bassinet/ "Moses basket" in the first two months of life: This simulates an environment similar to that in the womb, where the baby can feel safe while lying in the carrier.

• A Topponcino (a cotton cushion similar to the size of a newborn): Topponcino provides comfort and safety for newborns. It is used to hold or carry a newborn or give the newborn to another person to hold or help the infant burp. When a newborn sleeps on the Topponcino, he can be easily laid down without disturbing the vital sleep. It also allows older siblings to hold the newborn safely and comfortably. Even the familiar smell of the same Topponcino that is often used can make newborns feel comfortable and secured.

• Black and white Munari mobile: The Munari mobile is a black and white mobile made from 2-dimensional geometrical shapes. All the shapes and dowels are balanced off of a glass ball which reflects the light. The black and white Munari mobile that moves slowly with natural airflow, newborns can practice concentration. Focusing on this kind of visual stimulation can also train the newborn's vision, the eye muscles, and brain coordination. Mom and dad can hang the Munari objects diagonally above the newborn in the activity area (the distance should be less than 30 cm). The best rule when setting up the environment for a newborn: try to lie down by yourself, look up at the object to be set, and see if you feel comfortable because what you see is what the newborn will see in the future.

• Music Box: A music box that can play soft music for the baby (actually, parents can play the music box from the beginning of pregnancy. After the newborn is born, the familiar music can help familiarize the environment to calm the newborn). Ideally, the music box should have a pull cord. When mom and dad pull it, the music box will play chords. When the baby starts to sit up, mom and dad can also hang it on the wall and let the baby practice pulling.

Environment preparation

The environment around the newborn should be quiet and soft. The baby is born from the dark and quiet womb to the outside world. The calm and gentle light environment allows the newborn to adapt slowly and slowly transition.

• A quiet and fixed place where newborns can sleep;
• A comfortable chair and nursing pillow are placed in a fixed location for breastfeeding/bottle feeding;
• A fixed place for changing diapers;
• Areas can be used for the newborn as activity areas.

Setting up a variety of fixed locations to meet newborns' needs is very important for helping newborns establish a sense of security.

Please note: whether it is the preparation of items or the environment, parents' accompany and interaction is the most important. Parents respond positively and gently to the newborn's needs at each moment, helping them establish a sense of security and positive parental attachment relationships.

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image from etys.com/eguchitoys.com